We as a published take responsibility to correct errors that occurred in the published material. Our policy is to consider readers’ criticisms of primary research papers, and to publish them if and only if the author provides compelling evidence that a major claim of the original paper was incorrect. Similar to the original research paper, criticisms are also peer-reviewed, and where possible they are sent to the same referees who reviewed the original paper. A copy is usually also sent to the corresponding author of the original paper for signed comments. Criticism are typically published in the Communications section of the respective journal sometimes with a brief response from the original authors. Some submitted criticism are eventually published as retractions by the paper’s authors.

Complaints, disagreements over interpretation and other matters arising should be addressed to the editor of the journals. Because debates over interpretation are often inconclusive, we do not automatically consider criticisms of review articles or other secondary material, and in the event that we decide to publish such a criticism we do not necessarily consult the original authors. Editorial decisions in such cases are based on considerations of reader interest, novelty of arguments, integrity of the publication record and fairness to the parties involved. Publication may take various forms at the discretion of the editor.

Corrections are published for significant errors in non-peer-reviewed content of the journals at the discretion of the editors. Readers who have identified such an error should send an email to the email address of the journal, clearly stating the publication reference, title, author and section of the article, briefly explaining the error.

We operates the following policy for making corrections to the print and online versions of their peer-reviewed content.

Publishable amendments that affect the publication record and/or the scientific accuracy of published information are published in print and online in the journal. Four categories of amendments are relevant for peer-reviewed material: Erratum or Publisher Correction, Corrigendum or Author Correction, Retraction or Addendum. All four correction types are bi-directionally linked to the original published paper. Detailed information on each amendment category follows below.

Erratum or Publisher Correction: Notification of an important error made by the journal that affects the publication record or the scientific integrity of the paper, or the reputation of the authors or of the journal.

Corrigendum or Author Correction: Notification of an important error made by the author(s) that affects the publication record or the scientific integrity of the paper, or the reputation of the authors or the journal.

Retraction: Notification of invalid results that affect the reliability of a previously published article. The original article is marked as retracted but remains available to readers, and the retraction statement notifying readers of the invalidity of the published paper is bi-directionally linked to the original published paper.

Addendum: Notification of additional information about a paper. Addenda are published when the editors decide that the addendum is crucial to the reader’s understanding of a significant part of the published contribution. Addenda include Editorial Expression of Concern, which is an editorial statement alerting our readership to serious concerns with the published paper. Editorial Expression of Concern are typically updated with another amendment once further information is available.

Editor’s Note: An editor’s note is a statement from editors notifying readers of issues related to the published paper. It is an online update made only to the HTML version of record of the published article. Editor’s notes’s are typically updated with another amendment once further information is available.